Lymphoid tissues in toxicity studies: An over view

Routine histopathology of lymphoid organs is the cornerstone in the identification of immunotoxic and immunomodulatory compounds. Enhanced histopathology is systematic approaches that can be used to further characterize, both qualitatively and semi-quantitatively, the immunomodulatory effects that may occur within both primary and secondary lymphoid organs. Histopathology in conjunction with gross findings, clinical pathology and changes in organ weight will enable the pathologist to determine if a significant effect on the immune system is present. A number of chemicals induced immunotoxic effects have been reported; these effects can be organ specific, or they can be non-specific. The purpose of this script is to provide a general overview on the histopathologic approaches to detect changes indicative of immunotoxicity.