Mast cells in infection and immunity

Mast cells are multifunctional cells with diversified roles in allergy, inflammation, angiogenesis, tissue-remodeling and during infection. There are two major subsets of mast cells, e.g. mucosal mast cells (MMCs) and connective tissue mast cells (CTMCs) that differ in their locations, granule contents and functions. The effector functions of these cells are mediated by soluble molecules released by them following activation. Mast cells respond effectively to various types of pathogens and exhibit different functions like protective/secretory and phagocytic response to bacteria, protection from sepsis, role in viral infection and antigen presentation and role in parasitic infestation. Mast cells also help in recruitment of inflammatory cells and play role in immune surveillance. Above all, mast cell acts as an effector arm of innate and acquired immunity. Thus, there are ample evidences of multi-faceted role of mast cells in host's immune response to pathogens.