IBT/013 Molecular Mechanism of Tumor Induced Immunosuppression

Although it has been proved that the immune system has the ability to recognize and kill tumour cells through its lymphoid effectors, it is well known that cancer patients generally have an inadequate antitumour response. Probably several mechanisms underlie the lack of efficient spontaneous immune reactions observed in cancer patients and are responsible for the poor response rates to immunotherapy. Abnormalities in signal transduction molecules associated with receptor functions of various lymphocytes have been identified as one of the main mechanisms by which the tumour microenvironment affects immune cells & reason of tumour-induced immunosuppression. MicroRNA also plays a big role in the normal and pathological function of lymphocytes. Many miRNA sequences exhibit statistically significant differences in expression in lymphocytes from patients with leukemia, lymphoma, or autoimmune disorders relative to immune cells from normal individuals. A few miRNA sequences have been identified which functionally target specific transcripts encoding cytokines, other immunological regulatory proteins, and immune response signaling pathway components. Understanding the molecular mechanism which regulates this immunosuppression by miRNA and downstream signalling molecules will play a great role in immunotherapy of various solid tumor and identifying unique tumor markers (which will helpful in early diagnosis and effective treatment by targeted drug delivery).