Immunodiagnosis-A tool to diagnose parasitic diseases in livestock

Domestic animal suffer from various gastrointestinal helminthic infections and paramphistomosis is one with great potential to cause huge mortality and morbidity by affecting health, production and reproduction of animals. India was considered as most affected country of world with paramphistomum epiclitum and gastrothylax crumenifer in 1971 which are the predominant species with prevalence rate of 50% to 70%. Climatic condition like monsoon and post monsoon seasons and livestock management species have substantial role in sustaining the disease by infecting more intermediate host (snail) and increase no. of infected pasture specially in low laying areas. A high mortality among young sheep, goat, cattle and buffalo have been recorded by various scientist from last many decades. Although parasitological examination is most widely used method for detection of paramphistom's eggs in fecal material of suspected cases but need of an urgent diagnosis is fulfilled by immunodiagnosis of a disease by detecting it in its early stage by maximum pathogenicity is caused by immature stage of pathogen.