Genome Sequencing: Practice to Prophecy

Technological advancements have revolutionised the whole scenario of the current years. Genome sequencing is one amongst such technological revolutions that is defined as elucidating the nucleotide orders within a genome constituting the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of any organism. DNA sequencing has received vast range of applications over the past few years. This review provides an overview of the conventional to next-generation DNA-sequencing technologies. The conventional sequencing technologies followed ’Sanger's method’ and ’Maxam and Gilbert method’. In present days, alternative methods exist for DNA sequencing, namely pyrosequencing, single-molecule sequencing, cyclic-array sequencing, sequencing by hybridisation and sequencing in real-time. The second-and third-generation sequencing technologies categorised under the ’high-throughput next-generation DNA sequencing’ have also been discussed as advancement over the preexisting technologies.