Type I Hypersensitivity Associated Disorders in Animals

Singh J and Chauhan RS (2020). Type I Hypersensitivity Associated Disorders in Animals. Journal of Immunology Immunopathology, 22(1): 25-34.

Type I hypersensitivity is a sudden inflammatory reaction caused against antigens also known as allergens, due to release of primary mediators and secondary mediators from the mast and basophil cells. Primary mediators include histamines, serotonins and secondary mediators include prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The antibodies produced in this reaction are mainly the IgE, which binds with the surface of mast cells and basophils, and crosslinking of two IgE antibodies by allergen leads to the degranulation of the mast and basophil cells severe form of type I hypersensitivity is known as anaphylactic shock. The IgE antibody produced in type I hypersensitivity is mainly produced inside the lymphoid tissue associated with skin and respiratory tract. These antibodies are seen during the incidences of parasitic infestation, allergic conditions, food allergies, urticaria, anaphylactic shock and atopic dermatitis. The IgE antibodies concentration is also increased in various autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. Type I hypersensitivity is very common and it is short lived while some diseases of type I hypersensitivity are very fatal like anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is mainly of two types local and systemic anaphylaxis in which systemic anaphylaxis is very fatal which may result in death. For control of the hypersensitivity reaction exposure of the allergen should be avoided. Prevention is a better approach in case of the hypersensitivity reaction to reduce the chances of any severe acute or chronic disease and to increase the quality of life.