Impact of Badri Cow Urine on Humoral Immune Response in Wistar Rats

This study focuses on the immunomodulatory effects of the urine of Badri cows in the Tehri Garhwal region, which graze on medicinal plants found in the highlands of Uttarakhand. Immunomodulatory agents are therapeutic herbs or dietary supplements that strengthen the immune system of the host. This experiment was designed with a total of 35 apparently healthy Wistar rats 6 weeks of age, randomly divided into two groups. Group I (i.e., Control) consisted of 20 rats, while Group II (i.e., Treated) consisted of 15 rats, receiving daily oral administration of Badri cow urine distillate at a dose of 0.25 ml per rat, mixed with drinking water, starting from day 0 until the 90th day post-treatment. On day 0 of the experiment, both groups were immunized with Ranikhet disease vaccine (R2B strain) through intraperitoneal injection. Humoral immune responses were examined in five rats from group I on day 0 to assess the parameters of humoral immunity, including HA/HI, ELISA, and B-cell proliferation assay, while 5 rats from both groups were used at the 30th, 60th, and 90th days post-treatment. The results of the immunological studies indicate that in Group II, there were mild to moderate variations in humoral immunity compared to Group I. Within Group II, a significant increase was observed in the immunological parameters at different time intervals. In conclusion, this study assessed the impact of Badri cow urine distillate on various immune parameters in rats over a 90-day period and found a significant increase in hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers and B-lymphocyte blastogenesis assay by 20.85% and 31.37%, respectively, in the treated groups. ELISA recorded a 28.18% higher titer at 90 days post-treatment in Wistar rats compared to the control.