Pathobiology of biofilm associated infection in man and animals

Biofilms are the aggregation of microbe's adhered to moist surface under aquatic environment. It invariably appears in nature with minimum nutrient condition. Biofilm related infections have drawn attention by the medical and veterinary professionals due to its high antibiotic resistance character. Biofilms may cause various hospital acquired infection through surgical dressing, indwelling catheter, biomedical implants and graft transplantation, besides the infections like otitis media of ear infection, bacterial endocarditis on inner wall of heart valve, dental caries and cystic fibrosis in lungs. Most frequently isolated bacterial species from biofilm related infections are Streptococci epidermidis, Staphylococci aureus; Pseudomonas and Escherichia coli which are difficult to treat. Prolong antibiotic therapy at higher therapeutic dose is the only choice to treat the biofilm associated disease conditions. Such high concentration of antibiotics is never considered to be ecofriendly. Various mechanisms have been described for its antibiotic resistance property. Presently research on drug designing has been targeted to revert back the antibiotic resistant sessile form of bacteria to susceptible planktonic form may be considered as a realistic approach for biofilm control.