An analytical study of government schemes and policies for the development of farmers in India

Agriculture remains a cornerstone of the Indian economy, contributing approximately 18.4% to the Gross Value Added (GVA) and employing over 42.6% of the workforce as of 2023. Despite its significance, the sector faces persistent challenges including low productivity, income instability, fragmented landholdings, and vulnerability to climate change. This research paper presents a comprehensive analytical study of major government schemes and policies aimed at enhancing farmer welfare in India, such as PM-KISAN, Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY), Kisan Credit Card (KCC), Soil Health Card (SHC), e-NAM, and PM Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY). Using secondary data from credible sources such as the Ministry of Agriculture, NABARD, NITI Aayog, and evaluation reports spanning 2015–2023, the study evaluates the coverage, financial outlays, outcomes, and implementation gaps of these initiatives. Analytical tools like trend analysis, comparative charts, and policy gap analysis are employed to assess their real-world impact. While the findings highlight positive strides–such as increased credit access, improved irrigation coverage, and digital market linkages–they also reveal systemic challenges like delayed insurance claims, data mismatches, and the digital divide. The paper concludes with strategic recommendations, including digitisation of land records, integrated policy platforms, strengthened local governance, and enhanced farmer awareness. These reforms are critical to maximising the benefits of existing policies and building a more resilient, inclusive, and sustainable agricultural ecosystem in India.