College of Agriculture, Himachal Pradesh University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh
The effects of continuous application and ponding of water from kuhl on water and soil temperatures, and on growth of rice var. China 988 were studied under mid-hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh. The ponding of water resulted in 2.2 and 4.5°C higher temperatures of water and soil respectively, throughout irrigation season of the crop. Grain yield, number of productive tillers and filled grains were significantly higher under ponding as compared to continuous application of fresh kuhl water. Total tillers, straw yield, nutrient content in plant, residual N, P and K in soils were not affected due to low temperature regime of water in continuous flow.
Kuhl water, mode of application, effect on soil and water temperatures, performance of rice
