Effect of puddling; fertilizers and manures on puddling index, bulk density, aggregate stability, air-filled porosity and penetration resistance of soil was evaluated in a 20-year old experiment under rice-wheat-cowpea on a Hapludoll. Bulk density increased and water stable aggregate decreased as a result of puddling. Bulk density and cone index values showed the development of a hard pan at 0.15 m depth from the surface.
Fertilizer use, puddling index, bulk density, aggregate stability, cone index, rice-wheat-cowpea system
