Exploring online learning challenges for Paniya tribe students: The role of libraries during the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on the world, with one of the most significant challenges being the digital divide, as people were suddenly compelled to adapt to digital platforms. This transition affected all aspects of life, including political, economic, and social spheres. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of online learning, particularly among tribal students, and to identify the key barriers they faced. It also examined their attitudes toward various online learning channels and platforms. The research was conducted among the Paniya tribal students of Nilambur during the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey and interview methodology were used for data collection. The findings indicate that students require sufficient training in digital media to effectively cope with unexpected societal changes.