Review on Role of Artificial Intelligence in Fruit Crop Cultivation

The growing global demand for nutritious food, alongside environmental and economic constraints, has intensified the need for sustainable agricultural practices, particularly in fruit production. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative tool for enhancing the sustainability, productivity, and efficiency of fruit cultivation. This review examines the current landscape of AI applications in sustainable fruit growing, emphasizing technological innovations, practical implementations, and future directions. Core AI technologies, including machine learning, computer vision, robotics, and data analytics are analyzed for their roles in precision agriculture, pest and disease management, yield prediction, and automated orchard operations. Notable advancements include AI-based models achieving over 98% accuracy in detecting pomegranate diseases and robotics reducing labor costs by up to 95%. These developments contribute to environmental sustainability by minimizing chemical usage and resource waste while improving economic viability and social well-being. However, barriers such as high implementation costs, extensive data requirements, and limited technical expertise continue to hinder large-scale adoption. Future research should focus on developing robust, interpretable AI systems, integrating them with emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and block chain, and addressing challenges related to climate change and resource management. Overall, this review underscores AI's potential to revolutionize sustainable fruit production, paving the way for resilient, efficient, and environmentally responsible food systems.