Integrating Knowledge Engineering for Semantic Interoperability in Intelligent Digital Libraries and Health Research Information Systems

Digital libraries and Health Research Information Systems (HRIS) are the key global systems for doing so, but they face challenges including interoperability, scale, and user-centred design. Other international players include INFOMED. In this article, integrate Knowledge Engineering technologies: ontologies, Knowledge Graphs and semantic reasoning techniques to build a flexible architecture for future systems. Data were accessed from published case series, systematic reviews and secondary sources and underwent a thematic synthesis. Results showed that KE enables semantic interoperability and relevance information retrieval through ontology-based search for decision making in an intelligent digital library (IDL) and HRIS. The method is modular, scalable and cross-disciplinary to provide value for librarians, healthcare informaticians and policymakers. By integrating case-based.