Modernisation, Globalisation and Development in Bhutan: Tourism as a Catalyst

Bhutan's narrative of tourism policy guided by the doctrine of Gross National Happiness (GHN), seemingly overrides the contemporary politics of development debate, has earned the country reputation in the tourism map of the world. Founded in the principle of Gross National Happiness (GNH), Bhutan's tourism policy embarks significantly on equitable socio-economic development, environmental conservation, promotion of culture and good governance-the four pillars of GNH. Significant transition took place in 1952 during the reign of 3^rd King Jigme Dorji Wangchuck following the introduction of land reform and establishment of National Assembly in 1953, which marked the beginning of modernization of the country. Until the midst 1960s, Bhutan was non monetized economy, operating in isolation from the rest of the world. The birth of tourism industry in 1974 marked another significant era where tourists/visitors from outside the country were allowed for the first time in the country. Bhutan now generates significant amount of its national revenue from tourism industry. The present paper attempts to synthesise tourism development process in the country underpinned by the unique Bhutanese development model and its contribution to the country's economy.