Primitive flexible manufacturing and mughal empire

Most of the countries in Europe and South and South East Asia experienced a unique stage in their manufacturing, which has been described as the stage of proto-industrialization. However, the present paper redefines it as primitive-flexible-manufacturing, as it was organized in a way that had all kinds of flexibilities required for modern-flexible-manufacturing. The Mughal empire provided the vital socioeconomic environment for the birth of this form of organization of manufacturing in India. This paper explains, how a symbiotic relationship evolved between this form of organization of manufacturing and the Mughal empire. This symbiosis was so intimate that the dawn and dusk of the Mughal empire determined the rise and decline of primitive-flexible manufacturing in India.