Neuroimaging has an important role to play in evaluation of neonatal congenital anomalies & infections of brain & spine. Congenital anomalies can be overt but may also be occult clinically and present only on neuroimaging. With availability of plain radiographs (X-rays), Ultrasonography (USG), computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the neonatal period, most of the disorders can be demonstrated and classified. Use of the best modality depends on the clinical problem which is suspected & on the availability of the imaging modality.
USG is useful and easily available but is operator dependant. X-Rays and CT scan are done only when absolutely necessary and avoided when possible to reduce radiation exposure to the patient. MRI is both safe & versatile but requires the neonate to be shifted to the environment of an MRI unit for some time away from the safety of the neonatal unit which may not always be feasible if the infant is not in a stable condition. However, judicious use of any of these modalities is necessary for coming to the correct diagnosis in the shortest possible scan time.
