Mapping Energy Flow in Crop Production Systems of IGKV Farm Raipur: An Input–Output Analysis

Efficient utilization of various energy sources plays a critical role in enhancing agricultural productivity, profitability and overall economic competitiveness. This study was conducted to analyse the energy efficiency of selected crop production systems at the research farm of Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya (IGKV), Raipur. The energy consumption for each crop production operation was systematically recorded and analyzed using a custom C⁺⁺ program. The study revealed that, operation wise, irrigation consumed the highest energy (3359 MJ ha^-1), followed by seedbed preparation (2305.43 MJ ha^-1) and transplanting (628 MJ ha^-1) among the selected crops. The source-wise, fertilizer usage accounted highest energy consumption for wheat (6927 MJ ha^-1), followed by rice (6152 MJ ha^-1) and linseed (2145.47 MJ ha^-1). The energy output-input ratio was highest in rice (11.43), followed by chickpea (9.31), wheat (5.73), and linseed (4.80). Specific energy required for crop production was lowest for rice (2.60 MJ kg^-1), followed by chickpea (3.35 MJ kg^-1), wheat (5.18 MJ kg^-1), and linseed (9.10 MJ kg^-1). These results highlight the energy-efficient crop production systems at IGKV farm with significant implications of sustainable agricultural practices. The developed C⁺⁺ program provides a unique and user-friendly interface for analysing energy consumption in different crop production systems.