Advanced drying and preservation techniques for flowers: A review

Dry flowers, a significant form of artistic expression since the Victorian era, continue to be valued for their use in diverse decorative applications such as arrangements, wreaths, and potpourri. This review examines advanced drying and preservation techniques for flowers, highlighting recent advancements. Microwave oven drying with silica gel has shown superior results in preserving the color and structure of flowers like chrysanthemums, gerberas, and plumerias compared to traditional borax treatments. Studies on carnation cultivars indicate that a borax and silica gel mixture in hot air drying at 40°C yields optimal dry flower weight. Additionally, under sun drying conditions, silica gel achieves faster drying with minimal weight loss, while sand effectively preserves flower diameter. Room drying with silica gel also results in the highest visual quality for various flowers. The review emphasizes the need for further research to enhance dehydration techniques, improve flower hardening, and develop effective packaging solutions to extend the longevity and handling of dry flowers.