Ornamental pteridophytes of Kumaun region (Indian Central Himalaya)- An economic perspective

Pteridophytes, which include ferns and ferns allies, are beautiful creation of nature, valued for their unmatched aesthetic appeal, are an essential component of forest ecosystems in the Kumaun region of the Indian Central Himalayas. Their lush, vibrant green foliage, delicately intricate leaf patterns, and unique leathery texture exude elegance and sophistication. The ornamental pteridophytes growing in Kumaun region do not only beautify the landscape and have significant roles in ecology, but they have also a considerable economic potential in landscaping, floriculture, and local livelihoods. An extensive survey was conducted during 2023 and 2024 in various regions of Kumaun (Indian Central Himalayan region) and a total of 19 species exhibiting ornamental potential were collected, which belong to 15 genera under 11 families. Several studies on ornamental pteridophytes have already been published. However, the primary aim of the present study is to explore their economic potential. This paper also explores the business opportunity and the possibilities for marketing ornamental pteridophytes by underscoring their economic importance in the region along with discussion about their sustainable harvesting and conservation approaches so that their economic benefits can be balanced with their ecological preservation.