Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndromein Children

Sleep is considered as one of major factor that affects the overall development and behaviour in children. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome is a common health problem, characterised by frequent episodes of airway obstruction associated with a reduced calibre of the upper airway and is vulnerable to further narrowing and collapse. Risk factors include adenotonsillar hypertrophy, craniofacial anomalies, obesity and neuromuscular disease. Early recognition and prevention of OSA in children is very important in order to minimise and prevent further complications. A dentist can play an active role in identifying those with enlarged tonsils and craniofacial anomalies and referring them for sleep assessment. This paper provides an overview of OSA, including an outline of aetiology, pathophysiology and its management.