Interleukins in Orthodontic Tooth Movement

Interleukins (ILs) represent one of the pro-inflammatory cytokines released from many cell types, such as fibroblasts, osteoclasts and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). The time-related production of regulatory proteins or pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as ILs that are involved in the periodontal remodelling process, is provoked by orthodontic stimuli. The study of ILs as biomarkers to understand the cellular metabolic reactions involved in orthodontic tooth movement has been considered mainly due to their role in the normal physiological turnover of bone as well as remodelling processes associated with the application of mechanical stress. If it is possible to biologically monitor and predict the outcome of orthodontic forces, then the management of appliances could be based on individual tissue responses and the effectiveness of the treatment could be improved.