1Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Surendera Dental College, Sriganganagar, Rajasthan.
2Darshan Dental College, Udaipur.
* Correspondence: Dr Bharat Sankhla, Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Senior Lecturer, Surendera Dental College, Sriganganagar, Rajasthan.
Diabetes is one of the most common endocrine metabolic disorders and its prevalence has been increasing worldwide. Oral exfoliative cytology may be more appropriate in condition like diabetes mellitus, premalignant lesions and iron deficiency anemia, where the invasive techniques lose viability.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the cytomorphometric changes in exfoliated cells of oral mucosa as an adjunct to diagnosis of diabetes.
The smears were made from buccal mucosa of 10 diabetes patients (study group) and 10 healthy individuals (control group). One smear was stained with rapid Papanicolaou stain (PAP). In PAP smears, nuclear area (NA), cytoplasmic area (CA) and cytoplasmic to nuclear ratio (CNR) were evaluated from 50 cells in each smear using Image analysis software (Magnus pro™) and research microscope (Lawrance & Mayo™).
The results showed that mean NA was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in study group where as mean CA did not exhibit a statistically significant difference (p > 0.001). The mean CNR was significantly lower in study group (p < 0.001).
The results associated with clinical observations suggest that diabetes can produce morphologic and functional alterations in oral epithelial cells, detectable by microscopic and cytomorphometric analysis using exfoliative cytology which can be used in diagnosis of disease.
Diabetes mellitus, Exfoliative cytology, Cytomorphometry
