Diagnosing hyperparathyroidism by osteolytic jaw lesion: Case Report of Brown tumor of the mandible in a pediatric patient

Brown tumor is one of the lesions that develop in patients with hyperparathyroidism (HPT) and it occasionally affects the jaw bones. Histopathologically it is difficult to differentiate from other giant cell lesions. Brown tumors are rare focal giantcell lesions that arise as a direct result of the effect of parathyroid hormone on bone tissue in some patients with hyperparathyroidism. Brown tumors can affect the mandible, maxilla, clavicle, ribs, and pelvic bones. Therefore, diagnosis requires a systemic investigation for lesion differentiation. A clinical diagnosis of this tumor is made with the finding of HPT. Parathyroidectomy to control HPT is the treatment of first choice for brown tumor because the normalization of parathyroid function should lead to a reduction in size or disappearance of the tumor. The following report describes an unusual case presentation of Brown tumor of the mandible in a pediatric patient.