Comparison of Normal and Fluorosed human permanent teeth by using Stereo and Scanning Electron Microcope

Background and objective: The present investigation was carried out to study surface characteristics human permanent teeth in Dental Fluorosis (DF), a condition caused by excess intake of fluoride.

Methodology: Fifteen human fluorosed teeth which includes five samples each in mild moderate and severe categories whereas five normal tooth samples were collected from patients who opted for periodontal reasons (without carious) in department of oral surgery. The samples were examined for tooth surfaces characteristics under stereo microscope and scanning electron microscope to assess the morphological aberrations.

Results: The stereo microscopic study of all mild and moderate fluorosed human permanent teeth showed white opaque areas and m hypoplasia. In additional moderate sample showed discrete or confluent pitting. Brown stains were widespread and very large cracks were also present on the surface of severe fluorosed human teeth. The scanning electron micrographs of the enamel surface of fluorosed human teeth showed pitted, uneven and rough surfaces. Cracks and fissures were also observed on the enamel surface of fluorosed teeth.

Conclusion: The present study showed that pitting, perforation, and tooth getting fractured (chipped off) in dental fluorosis were mainly due to accumulation of fluoride, depletion of calcium in the matrix and structural alterations on the enamel surface.