Analysis of drought tolerance in maize hybrids by line x tester

Drought is a major constraint in the cultivation of crops especially in tropical areas. Drought tolerance studies in maize help to understand the parameters which are associated with drought stress in the crop. This research was conducted to analyze the impact of drought on yield of maize (Zea maysL.). The development of drought tolerant hybrids for rainfed and moisture stress conditions with emphasis on using genotypic and phenotypic data was another objective. The initial study started with 100 genotypes from which the 10 best genotypes (lines) were selected for drought tolerance studies. Screening was carried out using physiological and phenotypic data. Thirty hybrids were developed from the 10 lines and 3 testers (locally adapted varieties)utilizing a LINE X TESTER analysis. Parentsand hybrids were phenotypically assessed in twofield conditions: irrigatedand moisture stress. Results showed that hybrid IBET IE 1253-8 X UMI 61 was best under normal irrigation and IBET IE 1256-6 X COH (M)5 was best under moisture stress. Taking both fields together, the best hybrid was IBETIE1253 X UMI 61 which averaged 6.4t/ha. The best parental lines for both conditions were COH (M) 5 and Hy R`06 6143–16. Results support the fact that yields are low when maize is subjected to drought stress. The best hybrid was equal to the local variety under both irrigatedand moisture stress condition. Drought tolerant maize hybrids can help to improve productivity in drought stressed areas.