Firing Range Estimation of handguns (0.32 Revolver & 7.65 mm Pistol) by Studying Inorganic Constituents of Firearm Discharge Residue Particles Using Scanning Electron Microscope coupled with Energy dispersive X-rays and Atomic Absorption Spectrometer flame

Though, a number of studies regarding the analysis of firearm discharge residue (FDR) particles have been conducted globally for range estimation by utilizing cartridges of various makes and origin, but in this paper, we have conducted several firings using ammunition manufactured by Indian Ordnance Factories and studied the presence of inorganic constituents contributed by priming mixture, cartridge case and bullet for this purpose. It has been found that there is atleast one element which can be used for range estimation irrespective of its origin from priming mixture, cartridge case or bullet.