Pattern of Skull Fractures in Fatal Road Traffic Accidents: A Retrospective Autopsy Study in and around Doda, Jammu and Kashmir

Traffic accidents on roads (RTAs) constitute a major public health problem worldwide and are one of the top causes of death in India. Fatal head injuries account for a substantial proportion of these deaths due to the vulnerability of the skull and intracranial contents.

The present study aimed to analyze the pattern and distribution of skull fractures and associated intracranial haemorrhages in fatal road traffic accidents occurring in and around Doda from January 2023 to December 2024.

A retrospective autopsy-based study was conducted on 153 fatal RTA cases in which death resulted primarily from cranio-cerebral injuries. Demographic details, type of vehicle involved, anatomical location of skull fractures, and patterns of intracranial haemorrhage were systematically documented and analyzed. IEC approval was taken from the IEC, GMC Doda.

The highest number of fatalities was observed in the 21–30-year age group 37.2% ( n=57) with a marked male predominance 90.2% (n=138). Motorcyclists constituted the most affected category 36% (n=55).The parieto-temporal region was the most frequently involved fracture site 18.3% (n=28). Combined subdural and subarachnoid haemorrhage was the most common intracranial finding 60.8% (n=93).

Young male two-wheeler riders represent the most vulnerable group for fatal head injuries in road traffic accidents in this region. Identification of prevalent fracture patterns provides valuable forensic and preventive insights.