Optimising the dose of 2, 4-D sodium salt for weed control and economics of rabi maize (Zea mays L.) in Varanasi, India

A field trial was conducted during the rabi seasons of 2021 and 2022 at the AICRP Maize Agricultural Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. The aim was to assess the effectiveness of varying doses of 2,4-D sodium salt 80% WP on weed control, crop productivity, and economics of rabi maize (Zea mays L.). Broad-leaved weeds pose significant threats to maize cultivation due to their unique adaptive characteristics and regenerative abilities, highlighting the importance of effective weed management in crop production. The study aimed to identify the optimal dosage of 2,4-D sodium salt 80% WP to minimize biomass accumulation of broad-leaved weeds while maximizing weed control efficiency. Application of 2,4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 1250 g ha^-1 at 25 days after sowing (DAS) resulted in reduced weed density and dry weight, increased grain and stover yields, and higher harvest index, leading to greater monetary returns. In contrast, application of 2,4-D sodium salt 80% WP @ 2000 g ha^-1 at 25 DAS exhibited greater phytotoxic effects compared to the 1250 g ha^-1 dosage.