Yield, quality and economics of toria as influenced by sowing time, row spacing and nitrogen levels

A field experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur (Rajasthan), during 2003–04 and 2004–05. The soils of experimental field was clay loam in texture having available nitrogen 276.9 kg/ha, available phosphorus 18.4 kg/ha, available potassium 361.8 kg/ha and pH 8.1. Results on pooled basis of two years data revealed that sowing on 1^st week of September recorded significantly higher seed, stover and biological yield, oil content and oil yield and net returns and B:C ratio which were at par with 2^nd and 3^rd week of September sowing but all these three were significantly superior over 4^th week of September. Row spacing of 30 cm produced significantly higher seed, stover, biological and oil yield and net returns and B:C ratio as compared to 45 cm row spacing. Application of nitrogen from 0 to 90 kg/ha significantly produced higher stover and biological yield but for seed yield, oil yield, net returns and B:C ratio significant increase were only upto 60 kg N/ha. Highest harvest index and oil content were recorded under no nitrogen application to crop.