Morphogenic and toxic effects of pesticides on honeybee brood

Unlike the situation with adults, research on the direct effects of pesticides on honeybee brood is relatively scarce. The immature stages of the honeybee are vulnerable to insecticidal poisoning which may result in hidden damage to the honeybee colony. The understanding of this complex problem is far from complete. The loss of brood and new bees as a result of exposure to insecticides may be more deleterious than the direct loss of foragers. The colonies become weak, dwindling occurs, over wintering ability, honey production and pollination activity is drastically reduced. The present article addresses to the morphogenic and toxic effects of pesticides on honeybee brood.