Field evaluation of three fern extracts on Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and Spodoptera litura (Fab.) incidence and infestation and groundnut production

Field efficacy of three fern extracts were evaluated for their pesticidal property against Helicoverpa arrnigera (Hubner) and Spodoptera litura (Fab.) under groundnut field condition. The fern extracts were effective in controlling the pests at field level. The order of pesticidal efficacy was P. aquilinum > H. arifolia > C. parasitica. Highest population reduction was recorded in P. aquilinum treated plots followed by H. arifolia at 49 and 64 days afetr seedling (DASE). The highest yield was recorded in P. aquilinum (1400 Kg/ha) followed by H. arifolia (1370 Kg/ha) and C. parasitica (1250 Kg/ha). The cost benefit ratio was 1:1.82, 1:1.79 and 1:1.63 for P. aquilinum, H. arifolia and C. parasitica, respectively.