Genetic Diversity, Population Structure and Biochemical Parameters Estimations Driving Variations in Groundnut Germplasm

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an exceedingly nutritious legume being employed for farming globally. The characterization of groundnut for genetic diversity and population structure can be used for unswerving detection of phenotype × genotype relations.

The investigation was carried out with groundnut germplasm lines for nutritional and anti-nutritional profiling i.e., total sugars, proline, total amino acid, DPPH, phenol, phytic acid, flavonoid, lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) along with molecular characterization and population structure analysis for early and late leaf spot diseases.

The heat map ranged between (-4 to 4) and represents the level of expression of diverse biochemical parameters. The genetic diversity for markers S008 and S053 ranged between 0.2293 to 0.5269 and PIC values ranged between 0.203 to 0.4224 for S008 and S053 molecular markers, respectively. The number of sub populations (K) was constructed based on maximum likelihood and delta K (dK) values subdivided into three subgroups. Employing a membership probability threshold, 31 genotypes were allocated to subgroup (SG) 1, 15 genotypes to SG 2 and rest of the genotypes was mixed proportions.