AMMI Biplot Analysis of Genotype × Environment Interactions in Rainfed Grown Green Gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]

Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] commonly called green gram, holds significant importance as a pulse crop in India and contribute significantly towards the national food security. Pulses present an option for diversifying agricultural systems; however, their low and varying yield under different environmental conditions makes them less competitive compared to cereals, oilseeds and cash crops. Therefore, it is essential to screen and identify stable genotypes those can perform consistently well across various agro climatic conditions.

The G×E interaction for yield and its component characters in mungbean were analyzed by using the AMMI (additive main effects and multiplicative interaction) model. The data was collected on 40 elite mungbean genotypes which were grown in four rainfed environments.

The study found highly significant effects (P<0.01) of genotype (G), environment (E) and G×E interaction (GEI) for all 10 characters analyzed. Gollob's test showed IPCA I was significant for all traits; IPCA II was significant for all except days to maturity and pod length; IPCA III was significant for plant height, primary branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, total pods per plant, and seed yield per plant. Over 69% of GEI sum of squares were explained by IPCA I. Significant GEI supports AMMI analysis for identifying stable genotypes, with AMMI residual SS non-significant for most traits, indicating model accuracy. Genotypes IPM 02-3 (G9), PM 15-20 (G37) and PM 15-7 (G24) showed low interaction for seed yield per plant. This AMMI model analysis of mungbean yield under rainfed conditions provides valuable insights for breeding drought-tolerant mungbean varieties.