Enhancing Biochemical Attributes and Yield of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.) Through Exogenous Application of Polyamines

Polyamines act as growth regulators in crops and enhance their growth and development. Despite its adaptability and numerous benefits, black gram suffers from low productivity and vulnerability to various abiotic and biotic stresses. Hence, the exogenous application of polyamines (putrescine and cadaverine) could enhance their metabolism and productivity.

The experiment consists of 8 treatments and 3 replications, in which putrescine and cadaverine are applied using foliar application in both individual and combined forms. Putrescine (0.75 mM, 1.5 mM, 3 mM) and cadaverine (0.5 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM) were applied in the field by foliar application through a knapsack sprayer.

The results indicated that applying putrescine and cadaverine (1.5 mM and 1 mM, respectively) significantly affects biochemical and yield attributes. It was revealed that at 50 and harvest T₃ (putrescine 1.5 mM combined with cadaverine 1 mM) increased the total amino acid content by (10.6 and 11.61%, respectively), total protein content by (36.29 and 32.58% respectively), total carbohydrate by (12.17% and 23.24% respectively), bound phenol by (15.04 and 26.95% respectively) and total flavanol by (19.75% and 10.94% respectively). Out of all the biochemical attributes, only bound phenol was recorded maximum at harvest compared to 50 DAS. A similar result was also obtained in the yield parameter; T₅ shows the maximum percent increase over control in biological and grain yield and harvest index (HI) by 17.7%, 10.5% and 8.0%, respectively. These findings strongly suggest that the use of putrescine 1.5 mM combined with cadaverine 1 mM as a foliar application can significantly trigger the synthesis of biochemical and yield attributes of black gram.