Virulence Factors’ Contribution to the Pathogenicity of Candida Species: A Study Based on the Clinical Isolates of Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

In the present era, both the Health Care Associated and community-acquired infections are increasing steadily. The Leading International Fungal Education (LIFE) has observed that more than ~80% of world’s population is affected by serious fungal infections. Candida species can colonise biotic or abiotic surfaces and transmit via them. Candida genus consists of more than 200 species with few of infection-causing species. Candida albicans is one of the species which causes the majority of infections (~80%) while other species such as C. glabrata, C. dubliniensis, C. parapsilosis and C. krusei have recently been emerging in these infections. They reside within the body and become pathogenic as the immunity compromised of the individual. Virulence factors contribute to spread, transmit and enhance the pathogenicity of the species. The study is focused on analysing virulence factors of the Candida isolates obtained from patients of Jaipur, Rajasthan. Isolates were screened for germ tube formation and production of extracellular enzyme. Results of the study show that along with albican species, non-albicans are also emerging as pathogens. Observations state that the blood sample type is most infectious. The study concludes with the statistical analysis of population crucial for the preparation of prevention methods and cures to deal with this life-threatening disease.