Phytochemical Analysis and Ethnobotanical Uses of Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd. in Sirohi, Rajasthan

Momordica dioica is Roxb. ex Willd. a perennial, dioecious cucurbitaceous climbing creeper (commonly known as kakrol, spiny gourd, or teasle gourd) valued both as a nutritious food and as a traditional remedy for various ailments. To ensure its optimal use, it is essential to have a comprehensive understanding of its therapeutic applications and pharmacological activities. This review attempts to evaluate the phytochemical composition, ethnobotanical significance, phytotherapeutic potential, and pharmacological properties of M. dioica, drawing from both traditional medicinal perspectives, including Ayurveda, and recent scientific findings. Although considered an underutilized vegetable, M. dioica contains bioactive compounds and nutrients that surpass the nutritional value of many commonly consumed vegetables. Its rich phytochemical profile underscores the need for further systematic research to validate and expand its therapeutic roles. This review is intended to serve as a resource for researchers and practitioners, encouraging deeper exploration into the underexplored but potentially valuable phytotherapeutic properties of M. dioica.