Seasonal Dynamics and Temporal Trends of SO₂ Pollution in Tamil Nadu (2024–2025) through Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System

This study investigates the spatial and temporal distribution of sulphur dioxide (SO₂) pollution across Tamil Nadu, India, utilizing Sentinel-5P satellite data accessed through Google Earth Engine. Covering the year of 2024 and the initial two months of 2025, the research categorizes SO₂ concentrations into distinct seasonal periods: Summer (March–May), Monsoon (June–October), and Winter (November–February), offering insights into spatial and temporal variations in atmospheric SO₂ concentrations, the study aims to generate seasonal SO₂ pollution maps to highlight regional hotspots and variations. Furthermore, a time-series analysis will be conducted for the entire 2024-2025 period to identify overarching trends and significant pollution events. The findings revealed high SO₂ concentrations in northeastern Tamil Nadu. Seasonal analysis showed reduced levels during the monsoon due to rainfall cleansing, with a moderate resurgence in winter.