1Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy,
2Professor and Head, Department of Forensic Medicine, Govt. Medical College, Haldwani
*Corresponding author: Deepa Deopa, Associate Professor, Department of Antomy, Govt. Medical College, Haldwani Phone number-9412630222. E-mail address: deepa_deopa@rediffmail.com
Online published on 19 August, 2014.
Duplication of ureter may be partial or complete. In partial duplication proximally separated two limbs join distally to form one ureter before entering the urinary bladder. Complete duplication where two ureters remain separated through out the course with separate openings in the urinary bladder is less common. Complete duplication of ureter occurs in 0.2% of live births. The prevalence of partial duplication found on urograms is 0.6%.
During routine dissection of 20 cadavers for 1st yr MBBS students, duplication of ureter was observed in a 45yr male cadaver on right side. Both the ureters were arising separately from the renal pelvis of right kidney one below the other. Their course was found to be usual, upper ureter united with lower ureter distally in a "Y" shape manner. They were having single opening in the urinary bladder without any associated abnormality. On the left side single ureter was found with a normal course and opening in the urinary bladder.
Most patients of ureteric duplication are asymptomatic and detected incidentally on imaging study. Symptomatic patient usually have complete ureteric duplication in which the ureter are prone to developing ureteropelvic obstruction, increased incidence of hydronephrosis and pyelonephritis. The possibility of duplication of ureter should always be borne in mind in children having urinary tract infection. High degree of suspicion should be considered during X-ray investigation.
Bifid Ureter, Complete Or Partial, Urogram
