Rice orange leaf phytoplasma: A reemerging disease in coinfection with rice tungro virus in the Philippines

Rice orange leaf disease associated with the presence of rice orange leaf phytoplasma (ROL) transmitted by a new vector Nephotettix virescens became a reemerging disease in coinfection with rice tungro virus (RTV) in the Philippines. The occurrence of ROL and RTV mixed infection was monitored in rice growing areas and the results confirmed that ROL and RTV mixed infections were significantly spreading in the field. Insect transmission data indicated that an individual viruliferous insect transmits both ROL and RTV at the same time. These findings may represent a potential threat to rice production if not properly addressed.