Phytochemical composition, antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of methanolic extract from Corchorus olitorius Linn. grown in Saudi Arabia

The present study attempts to investigate the phytochemical constituents, antioxidant, and carbohydrate metabolizing enzyme inhibitory effect of methanolic extract of Corchorus olitorius leaves (MCE) that grow in Qassim province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant effect (DPPH and ABTS assay), and carbohydrate metabolizing enzyme (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) inhibitory activity were determined using spectrophotometric methods. The qualitative phytochemical analysis showed the presence of saponin, glycosides, gum, tannin, carbohydrates, phenolic componds, and starch. The TPC and TFC were expressed in terms of gallic acid (0.3±0.07 mg GAE g⁻¹) and rutin (0.19±0.05 mg RUE g⁻¹) equivalents, respectively. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) value of the MCE for DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity was 37.65 μg mL⁻¹ and 33.19 μg mL⁻¹ respectively. The IC₅₀ values of the MCE for α-amylase and α-glucosidase was found to be 27.95 μg mL⁻¹ and 41.64 μg mL⁻¹ respectively. The outcomes of the present study showed that MCE exhibited good antioxidant and antidiabetic potential and polyphenols proven to be present in MCE are responsible for antioxidant and antidiabetic effects.