Nutraceutical uses and phytochemistry of Sesamum indicum

Sesamum indicum L (Family: Pedaliaceae), also known as a sesame and queen of oilseeds, is the most ancient oil seed crop worldwide. It's seeds are the main source of sesame oil (~50.0%) and are also rich in protein (~25.0%), carbohydrates (~17.0%), vitamins, and minerals. Sesame oil is resistant to rancidity due to the presence of sesamol, sesamolin, and other antioxidants. The seed cake left after pressing for oil can be used as high-protein animal feed. Earlier studies showed that the health benefits of sesame seeds are associated with lower incidences of metabolic diseases and higher life expectancy. These benefits have been attributed to the dietary consumption of sesame oil and seed metabolites, especially those belonging to the lignan group. These secondary metabolites play significant roles in improving a healthy life. The updated knowledge on traditional uses and nutritional importance of sesame seeds and their bioactive components together with the biosynthesis of lignans and their derivatives are discussed. These beneficial activities such as antioxidant, inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer, of the metabolites and oil of sesame seeds showed its potential in protecting health from metabolic and other diseases.