Anti-aging potential of apple (Malus domestica) ethanol extract in fibroblast cells exposed to ultraviolet light via modulation of CASP8 expression, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and glutathione (GSH)

Skin aging is a complex process influenced by extrinsic and intrinsic factors, with ultraviolet (UV) exposure being a primary external contributor. UV radiation initiates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, causing oxidative stress, apoptosis, and reduced collagen synthesis, leading to premature aging. Caspase-8 (CASP8) plays a key role in apoptosis, while glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) are crucial for cellular defense. The use of natural ingredients as photoprotective and anti-aging is increasingly in demand due to their potential safety. Apple (Malus domestica) is known to be rich in bioactive compounds, but its potential to protect skin cells from UV damage still needs to be further investigated. This study aims to evaluate the protective effect of apple extract on UV-exposed fibroblast cells. The apple ethanol extract was prepared using the maceration method. Fibroblast cells were cultured and treated with various extract concentrations (3.13, 6.25, 12.50 μg/∕mL) before UV exposure. Parameters analyzed included CASP8 gene expression using qRT-PCR, T-AOC, and GSH levels, using colorimetry methods. Apple extract showed a significant protective effect at a 12.5 μg/mL concentration, characterized by decreasing CASP8 expression as a marker of apoptosis. There was an increase in T-AOC and GSH levels. Apple ethanol extract shows significant potential as an anti-aging ingredient through its protective effect on UV-exposed fibroblast cells.