In vitro anti-urolithiatic study, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and metabolome analysis of Anneslea fragrans Wall.

Anneslea fragrans Wall. commonly called as “Thingphunchuo” by Khoibu tribe of North East India is used as herbal tea since time immemorial. The leaves have been reported for its ability to dissolve kidney stone. In the present study, the methanolic extract was used to analyze the CaOx nucleation and aggregation assay DPPH assay and FRAP assay for antioxidant study, proteinase inhibition assay and inhibition of albumin denaturation assay for anti-inflammatory study, GC-MS and FT-IR analysis for metabolic study. The studies were done in comparison with cystone, a polyherbal formulation used in kidney stone. The methanolic extract showed significant CaOx anti-nucelation (53.72%) and anti- aggregation potential (53.64%), when compared with cystone (54.03% and 55.13%). The extract also exhibit significant anti-inflammatory properties, and antioxidant properties comparable with that of cystone. The FT-IR spectrum of the extract confirmed the presence of aliphatic secondary amine, methylene, methoxy, methyl, secondary and primary alcohol, and aliphatic bromo compounds as indicated by their respective absorption peaks. The GC-MS analysis identified the presence of 24 compounds, the major compounds > 5% being Lupeol (38%) and Glutinol (22.40%), 3,5,9-Trioxa-5-phosphaheptacos-18-en-1-aminium, 4-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-10-oxo-7-[(1-oxo-9-octadecenyl)oxy]-, hydroxide, inner salt, 4-oxide, (R)- (7.74%), and 24- noroleana-3,12-diene (6.43%). The current investigation indicated notable anti-lithiatic effects of A.fragrans which could be attributed to the presence of phytocompounds that might have provided CaOx nucleation and aggregation inhibition, antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and antimicrobial characteristics to this medicinal plant.