In India, the idea of integrated fish-crop-livestock production system is in initial form. So far, very little scientific work/study has been attempted in this aspect. Also very little investment has been made in this sector. This is mainly due religious trend of the people, lack of education of the farmers as well as consumers and relatively less practice in modern technologies and recent advances in the production systems. Eating habits of the people have discouraged the investors which play an important role in the development of livestock/fish industry. However, by adopting this type of production system, with little extra investment, small farmers can increase significantly their income. Moreover, rural population particularly women can also be involved in livestock, poultry and fish production. This system has been studied under different agroclimatic zone by the Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (CIFRI). A scientifically sound and economical integrated livestock-fish system has been developed. Results from a polyculture of Indian and exotic fingerlings of surface, middle and bottom feeders in different ratios showed promising production with integration of pig, ducks and fowls. Stocking densities of 6000–8500 fingerlings/ha resulted in fish production of 4000–7000 kg/ha/year without any feed supplement for fishes. Suggested livestock density/ha of pond surface was 40, 300 and 500 for pig, ducks and fowls respectively. Different aspects pertaining to integrated livestock-fish production systems have been discussed in this review article.
