Impact of Electric Vehicles on Traffic and Emissions

In order to estimate carbon-emission specific road networks while taking electric cars (EVs) into account, this study develops a method. Oil-fueled vehicles (OFVs) prioritise minimising trip time, while EVs additionally take battery charge state and charging station locations into account when choosing a route. A mixed equilibrium traffic assignment model is used to determine the traffic volume for each link in the network. The three factors of traffic volume, average speed, and road type are then used to generate a carbon-emission estimating technique. Two networks are used in a case study. Due to EVs’ propensity to select routes with charging stations, it has been discovered that the road network’s travel time has increased by 27%. Perceived risk, safe electricity quantity, and anticipated charging electricity all influence EV route choices. EVs can lower carbon dioxide emissions, but they cannot lower road network energy usage. Furthermore, it was shown that the placement of charging stations significantly affects traffic flow. The overall trip time, total carbon emissions, and balance of charging station utilisation metrics in the transportation network have all comparatively decreased once charging station locations were optimised. These include a 0.2% reduction in total journey time, a 1.85% reduction in total carbon emissions, and a 0.95% reduction in the balance of charging station use. The study is useful for forecasting traffic flow and carbon emissions, as well as for building road networks and deciding where to put charging heaps.