Evolution of disaster management in India and way forward

The evolution of disaster management in India has undergone significant transformations, shaped by historical events, policy developments, and emerging challenges. This paper examines the progression from ad-hoc responses in the pre-independence era to the establishment of a structured framework post-independence, culminating in the National Disaster Management Act of 2005 and the formation of the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA). We explore the increasing integration of technology, public awareness initiatives, and the impact of climate change on disaster management strategies. Despite notable advancements, challenges such as urbanization, resource constraints, and coordination issues persist. The recent COVID-19 pandemic further underscored the need for an integrated approach that encompasses health emergencies. This paper outlines key areas for future development, including strengthening local capacities, enhancing training, promoting public awareness, and fostering collaboration between government, NGOs, and the private sector. By addressing these facets, India can enhance its resilience and preparedness for future disasters, ensuring a proactive rather than reactive stance in disaster management.