Present status and frequency of white root rot of apple caused by Dematophora necatrix R. Hartig in Himachal Pradesh

Survey of white root rot caused by Dematophora necatrix in apple orchards across six districts of Himachal Pradesh (Shimla, Kullu, Chamba, Sirmour, Mandi, and Solan) was conducted. Data were collected from various locations, documenting the prevalence, disease symptoms, and management practices. Data indicated that disease incidence was in the range of 0.8% to 40%, with the highest occurrence in Rohru (Shimla) and Burwa (Kullu). Wilting, small sized fruits and decayed roots were the commonly observed symptoms on the affected trees. The survey results revealed that orchardists primarily relied on fungicides such as carbendazim, often without following prevenlance of disease, proper application techniques or understanding of disease management. The presence of disease complexes, including co-infections with Phytophthora and Fusarium species, was noted. Findings underscore the urgent need for effective management strategies and better educational outreach for local farmers to mitigate the impacts of white root rot on apple production. The findings of the survey highlights the prevalence of disease in Himachal Pradesh and the kind of symptoms produced.