Onion Research in India: Status and Challenges

Onion (Allium cepa L.) originated in central Asia, which is its primary center of diversity. Though initially adapted to long days of temperate regions, its highly cross-pollination nature has paved the way for short-day adapted selections, which are cultivated in tropical and sub-tropical conditions as in India. Onion research in India started in 1960 at Pimpalgaon, Baswant, Nashik, but now a number of organizations including some agricultural universities are working on onion. Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Rajgurunagar and National Horticulture Research and Development Foundation, Nasik are the national level institutes devoted mainly to onion research in India. The research by various organizations in India has resulted in the development of more than 50 improved varieties, enrichment of genetic resources, and development and use of biotechnological tools for onion improvement. Work on crop production including nutrient, weed and irrigation management has led to standardization of cultural practices fromplanting to harvesting of onion. Schedules for pest and disease control and post-harvest management have also been developed. This paper reviews the status of research on various aspects of onion cultivation. The causes of low productivity in this important crop in India are analyzed. The future challenges and the research initiatives required to improve onion productivity are enumerated.