Sexual dimorphism in the pupae of the potato tuber moth

Male and female pupae of Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) differ from each other in many morphological characteristics. Body length and weight of female pupae is greater than the males. Male pupae also differ from the female pupae in respect to shape and position of genital opening, position of posterior-most abdominal spiracle and shape of the caudal margin of the tenth abdominal segment.